Combined Biological and Photocatalytic Degradation of Dibutyl Phthalate in a Simulated Wastewater Treatment Plant

The removal of organic pollutant in wastewater has become a major priority water treatment. In this study, dibutyl phthalate (DBP) been biologically and photocatalytically degraded using modified transition metal dichalcogenides. as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized various characterization techniques, which includes XRD, Raman, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, UV-Vis, XPS, PL, EIS, photocurrent responses. synthesized by slightly hydrothermal method depicted hexagonal phase, as evidenced XRD Raman analyses. biological degradation 69% was achieved. Moreover, the total carbon efficiency 70% further Incorporating photocatalytic systems significantly improved secondary effluent three folds when compared to unilateral operating setup. optimized parameters such pH = 7, 5 ppm DBP concentration with addition 10 mg catalysts loading employed for water. Pristine WS2 exhibited efficiencies 46% after 60 min illumination. use dual system 3% Ce/Gd-WS2 highest photodegradation 85%, chemical oxygen demand 80% 77%. enhanced activity composite is attested formation heterojunction exhibiting excellent charge separation low rate recombination. can be used up seven times still achieve 56%.